Posted By Guneshwari Ghatge
Introduction
Bharatnatyam, the captivating classical dance form of India, boasts a rich and storied history that stretches back centuries. This mesmerizing art form, rooted in the ancient scriptures and traditions of the subcontinent, has evolved over time, yet managed to preserve its core essence and captivate audiences worldwide.
The Origins of Bharatnatyam
The origins of Bharatnatyam can be traced back to the ancient treatise on the performing arts, the Natyashastra, attributed to the sage Bharata. This seminal work, dating back to the 2nd century BCE, laid the foundation for the classical dance traditions of India, including Bharatnatyam.
The term "Bharatnatyam" is derived from the combination of "Bhara," meaning expression, and "Natyam," meaning dance. This intricate dance form, with its precise movements, intricate footwork, and expressive hand gestures, was originally performed in the temples of Tamil Nadu, where it served as a form of devotional worship and storytelling.
The Golden Age of Bharatnatyam
Bharatnatyam flourished during the Thanjavur Nayak and Maratha periods, from the 16th to 18th centuries, often referred to as the "Golden Age" of the dance form. During this time, it became deeply intertwined with the Devadasi tradition, where highly trained female dancers were dedicated to the service of the temple deities.
The Devadasis not only mastered the technical aspects of Bharatnatyam but also infused it with a rich emotional and spiritual depth. They performed intricate and rhythmic pieces that often depicted the Hindu epics, mythological tales, and the divine love between the devotee and the divine.
The Resurgence of Bharatnatyam
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Bharatnatyam faced a period of decline and social stigma, as the Devadasi system was abolished and the dance form was perceived as being associated with religious prostitution.
However, a group of passionate individuals, including Rukmini Devi Arundale and E. Krishna Iyer, spearheaded a revival movement that helped to reclaim the artform's cultural and artistic significance. They worked tirelessly to purge Bharatnatyam of its negative associations, redefine it as a respectable and noble art form, and introduce it to a wider, modern audience.
Through their efforts, Bharatnatyam experienced a remarkable resurgence, becoming recognized as one of India's most iconic and beloved classical dance traditions. Today, it continues to captivate audiences around the world, with dedicated practitioners and scholars ensuring that this timeless art form remains a vital part of India's rich cultural heritage.
The Legacy of Bharatnatyam
Bharatnatyam's enduring legacy lies in its ability to seamlessly blend the sacred and the secular, the traditional and the contemporary. It is a dance form that transcends time, reflecting the profound spiritual and cultural essence of India.
